Review on the hottest application hotspots of Nano

The famous Nobel laureate Feyneman predicted in the 1960s that if the arrangement of objects on a small scale was controlled, objects would have a lot of unusual characteristics. The material he said is the current nano material. The research of nano materials is a hot topic in material science at present, and nanotechnology is recognized as the most promising scientific research field in the 21st century

nano materials have fundamentally changed the structure of materials, opening up a new way to overcome the problems that have not been solved in the field of material science research, in which the advantageous enterprises selected for a long time will be supported by preferential policies. Its application is mainly reflected in the following seven aspects:

1 Application in the field of ceramics

with the wide application of nanotechnology, nano ceramics have emerged, hoping to overcome the brittleness of ceramic materials and make ceramics as flexible and machinable as metals. Many experts believe that if the technical problem of inhibiting grain growth in the sintering process of single-phase nano ceramics can be solved, it will have the advantages of high hardness, high toughness, low temperature superplasticity, easy processing and so on

2. Application in microelectronics

Nano Electronics is based on the latest physical theory and the most advanced technological means, constructs electronic systems according to new ideas, develops the potential ability of materials to store and process information, and realizes a revolutionary breakthrough in the ability of information collection and processing. Nano Electronics will become the core of the information age in the next century

3. Applications in bioengineering

although molecular computers are only in an ideal stage at present, scientists have considered the application of several biological molecules to make computer components, among which bacteriorhodopsin is the most promising. This biomaterial has special thermal, optical, chemical and physical properties and good stability. In addition, its unique optical cycle characteristics can be used to store information, so as to replace today's computer information processing and information storage. It will improve the storage and information processing capacity of unit volume substances by millions of times

4. Applications in the field of Optoelectronics

the development of nanotechnology has made the combination of microelectronics and Optoelectronics more closely, and greatly improved the performance of optoelectronic devices in the transmission, storage, processing, operation and display of optoelectronic information. Applying nanotechnology to existing radar information processing can improve its ability by 10 to hundreds of times, and even put ultra-high resolution nano aperture radar on satellites for high-precision ground reconnaissance, Professor Chen Yongsheng said. Recently, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of technology sent excited barium atoms into the laser one by one, and each atom emitted a useful photon. Its high efficiency is surprising for scientific research institutions that often conduct impact experiments on welded joints

5. Application in the field of chemical industry

adding nano TiO2 powder to cosmetics in a certain proportion can effectively shield ultraviolet rays. Doping metal nanoparticles into chemical fiber products or paper can greatly reduce the electrostatic effect. The spongy light sintered body composed of nano particles can be used for the separation and concentration of gas isotopes, mixed rare gases and organic compounds. Nanoparticles can also be used as conductive coatings, printing inks, solid lubricants, etc. Researchers also found that the unique porous structure, large specific surface area (up to hundreds of square meters per gram of carbon nanotubes) and high mechanical strength of carbon nanotubes can be used to make a nano reactor, which can limit the chemical reaction to a very small range

6. In the application of medical polyester materials in infant hearing testing equipment

researchers have successfully used nanoparticles for cell separation, and gold nanoparticles for targeted disease treatment to reduce side effects. In addition, virus inducers using nanoparticles as carriers have made a breakthrough. Now they have been used in clinical animal experiments, and it is estimated that they will serve humans in the near future. By studying the application of nanotechnology in life medicine, we can understand the fine structure of biological macromolecules and their relationship with function at the nano scale, and obtain life information. Scientists envision using nanotechnology to create molecular robots that circulate in the blood, detect and diagnose various parts of the body, and implement special treatments

7. Application in molecular assembly

how to synthesize nano materials with specific size and uniform particle size distribution without agglomeration has always been a problem that researchers have been trying to solve. At present, nanotechnology goes deep into the manipulation of single atoms. Through the combination of soft chemistry, host guest template chemistry and supramolecular chemistry, nanotechnology is becoming the main means of assembly and tailoring to achieve molecular surgery. As an emerging science and technology with the most market application potential, the importance of nanotechnology is beyond doubt. Many developed countries have invested a lot of money in research. As predicted by Academician Qian Xuesen, the structures around and below the nanometer will be the characteristics of the next stage of scientific and technological development, a technological revolution, and thus another industrial revolution in the 21st century